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Alien Directed by Ridley Scott (1979)
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Saturnās atmosphere exhibits a banded pattern similar to Jupiterās, but Saturnās bands are much fainter and are much wider near the equator. The nomenclature used to describe these bands is the same as on Jupiter. Saturnās finer cloud patterns were not observed until the flybys of the Voyager spacecraft during the 1980s. Since then, Earth-based telescopy has improved to the point where regular observations can be made. The composition of the clouds varies with depth and increasing pressure.
The winds on Saturn are the second fastest among the Solar Systemās planets, after Neptuneās. Voyager data indicate peak easterly winds of 500 m/s (1,800 km/h).
Thermography has shown that Saturnās south pole has a warm polar vortex, the only known example of such a phenomenon in the Solar System.Ā Whereas temperatures on Saturn are normally ā185 °C, temperatures on the vortex often reach as high as ā122 °C, suspected to be the warmest spot on Saturn.
Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute and Kevin M. Gill
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Saturn has 62 natural satellites. Here are some features of some of its moons, with mountains, valleys, and striking marks on their surfaces, often marked by asteroid bombardments causing small, huge craters.
Iapetus - Ā Equatorial ridge
Iapetusās equatorial ridge was discovered when the Cassini spacecraft imaged Iapetus on 31 December 2004. Peaks in the ridge rise more than 20 km above the surrounding plains, making them some of the tallest mountains in the Solar System. The ridge forms a complex system including isolated peaks, segments of more than 200 km and sections with three near parallel ridges.Ā
Tethys - Odysseus crater
Odysseus is the largest crater on Saturnās moon Tethys. It is 445 km across, more than 2/5 of the moonās diameter, and is one of the largest craters in the Solar System.
Tethys - Ithaca Chasma
Ithaca Chasma is a valley (graben) on Saturnās moon Tethys, named after the island of Ithaca, in Greece. It is up to 100 km wide, 3 to 5 km deep and 2,000 km long, running approximately three-quarters of the way around Tethysā circumference, making it one of the longer valleys in the Solar System. Ithaca Chasma is approximately concentric with Odysseus crater.Ā
Tethys - Red arcs
Unusual arc-shaped, reddish streaks cut across the surface of Saturnās ice-rich moon Tethys in this enhanced-color mosaic. The red streaks are narrow, curved lines on the moonās surface, only a few miles (or kilometers) wide but several hundred miles (or kilometers) long.
Rhea - Inktomi crater
Inktomi, also known as The Splat, is a prominent rayed impact crater 47.2 kilometres (29.3 mi) in diameter located in the southern hemisphere of Saturnās moon Rhea.
Mimas - Herschel Crater
HerschelĀ is a huge crater in the leading hemisphere of the Saturnian moon Mimas, on the equator at 100° longitude.Ā It is so large that astronomers have expressed surprise that Mimas was not shattered by the impact that caused it. It measures 139 kilometres (86 miles)Ā across, almost one third the diameter of Mimas.Ā If there were a crater of an equivalent scale on Earth it would be over 4,000 km (2,500 mi) in diameter ā wider than Canada ā with walls over 200 km (120 mi) high.
Enceladus - Surface with fractures
Close up of one of the ātiger stripesā or fissures called Baghdad Sulcus. Both heat and occasional geysers issue from this formidable crack. Some of the material coating the landscape may be snow condensed from vapor.Ā This closeup of the surface of Enceladus on November 21, 2009, viewed from approximately 1,260 miles (2,028 kilometers) away.Ā
Dione - Contrasts
This image from NASAās Cassini spacecraft shows a part of Dioneās surface that is covered by linear, curving features, called chasmata. One possibility is that this stress pattern may be related to Dioneās orbital evolution and the effect of tidal stresses over time. This view looks toward the trailing hemisphere of Dione.Ā
Learn more: Iapetus, Tethys, Rhea, Mimas, Enceladus and Dione.
Images: NASA/JPL-Caltech
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āIf man had no eternal consciousness, if, at the bottom of everything, there were merely a wild seething force producing everything, both large and trifling, in the storm of dark passions, if the bottomless void that nothing can fill underlay all things, what would life be but despair?ā
- Albert Camus, quoting Kierkegaard in āSysiphosā
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 My ambition is handicapped by laziness. -C. Bukowski   Me gustan las personas desesperadas con mentes rotas y destinos rotos. EstÔn llenos de sorpresas y explosiones. -C. Bukowski. I love cats. Born in the early 80's, raised in the 90's. I like Nature, Autumn, books, landscapes, cold days, cloudy Windy days, space, Science, Paleontology, Biology, Astronomy, History, Social Sciences, Drawing, spending the night watching at the stars, Rick & Morty. I'm a lazy ass.
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