Chandra/Hubble/Spitzer X-Ray/Visible/Infrared Image Of M82.

Spiral Galaxy NGC253 and Globular Cluster NGC288

by Eddie Trimarchi

Welcome class!

Here is a lesson about the Kugelblitz!

https://curiosity.com/topics/kugelblitz-the-theoretical-black-hole-made-of-light-curiosity/

why is mercury shrinking?

Unlike the Earth, Mercury’s surface is made up of just one continental plate covering the entire planet, as Mercury’s interior is slowly cooling it also shrinks and the total volume of mercury shrinks.

Cygnus Shell Supernova Remnant W63 via NASA https://ift.tt/2znmGCd

What is a protostar?

The formation of stars begins with the collapse and fragmentation of molecular clouds into very dense clumps.  These clumps initially contain ~0.01 solar masses of material, but increase in mass as surrounding material is accumulated through accretion.  The temperature of the material also increases while the area over which it is spread decreases as gravitational contraction continues, forming a more stellar-like object in the process.  During this time, and up until hydrogen burning begins and it joins the main sequence, the object is known as a protostar.

This stage of stellar evolution may last for between 100,000 and 10 million years depending on the size of the star being formed. If the final result is a protostar with more than 0.08 solar masses, it will go on to begin hydrogen burning and will join the main sequence as a normal star.  For protostars with masses less than this, temperatures are not sufficient for hydrogen burning to begin and they become brown dwarf stars.

Protostars are enshrouded in gas and dust and are not detectable at visible wavelengths.  To study this very early stage of stellar evolution, astronomers must use infrared or microwave wavelengths.

Protostars are also known as Young Stellar Objects (YSOs).

Elliptical Galaxy NGC 4696

read more at APOD/NASA; credit: NASA, ESA, Hubble, A. Fabian

StopSmiling: Just to clear the record and get the real story; Was the name of the band really taken from a short story by Virginia Woolf?

Isaac Brock: It was required reading in some class I was taking at the time. It was from a Virginia Woolf book where she referred to people who were working the grind as “modest mouse-like people.” I wanted to originally name the band Modest Mouse-like People, but that seemed a little long. I regretted the name for some time because it sounds so cutesy. I got really sick of seeing posters with Mighty Mouse on them. I don’t even remember which story [“A Mark on the Wall”]. I just remember that part.

math problem: *begins with “we know that..”*

me: WE dont know SHIT

NASA Captures Supersonic Shock Interaction via NASA https://ift.tt/2UjhSa5