HiPOD: A Layered Feature In A Crater In Nilosyrtis Mensae

HiPOD: A Layered Feature In A Crater In Nilosyrtis Mensae
HiPOD: A Layered Feature In A Crater In Nilosyrtis Mensae

HiPOD: A Layered Feature in a Crater in Nilosyrtis Mensae

The objective of this observation is to examine a layered feature in an impact crater. The layers may represent layers of mantle from when the climate changed and the shape may be due to the wind. The scene is also found in Context Camera data. (Enhanced color cutout is less than 1 km across; black and white is less than 5 km.)

ID: ESP_075257_2155 date: 16 August 2022 altitude: 291 km

NASA/JPL-Caltech/UArizona

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Em homenagem ao renomado cientista Humberto Maturana, que nos deixou em 6 de maio de 2021, lembremos de sua vida e legado marcantes. Nascido no Chile, Maturana iniciou sua jornada acadêmica na Universidade do Chile, onde desenvolveu um profundo interesse pela biologia. Sua paixão pelo estudo da vida o levou a buscar conhecimento além das fronteiras do seu país.

Maturana teve a oportunidade de aprimorar sua formação em neurofisiologia no University College London, com uma bolsa da Fundação Rockefeller. Mais tarde, ele prosseguiu seus estudos na Universidade de Harvard, onde obteve seu doutorado em Biologia. Sua busca incessante pelo entendimento da complexidade da vida o levou a colaborar com Jerome Lettvin no Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts (MIT). Com ele, Maturana foi co-autor da mais icônica publicação de Lettvin, “What the frog’s eyes tells the frog’s brain?”.

Após suas experiências internacionais, Maturana retornou ao Chile para ocupar uma cátedra em sua alma mater, a Universidade do Chile. Lá, ele continuou a influenciar a comunidade científica e intelectual por décadas. Sua abordagem inovadora para entender a natureza da vida e a percepção humana deixou uma marca indelével na biologia e além.

Um marco significativo em sua carreira foi a parceria com Francisco Varela na criação do conceito revolucionário da “autopoiese” no livro “De máquinas y seres vivos: Una teoría sobre la organización biológica” (1973). A teoria da autopoiese descreve a capacidade dos seres vivos de se autorreproduzirem e se manterem como entidades organizadas. Essa ideia inovadora foi um avanço fundamental no entendimento da complexidade da vida e teve um impacto profundo em diversas áreas do conhecimento.

Além das suas contribuições na área da biologia e da teoria da autopoiese, Humberto Maturana também é reconhecido por suas visões precursoras sobre cognição e inteligência, que atualmente desempenham um papel fundamental no estudo da inteligência artificial.

Ao longo de sua carreira, Maturana explorou a natureza da cognição humana e questionou as noções tradicionais de inteligência. Ele argumentou que a cognição não é apenas um processo mental individual, mas está enraizada na interação entre um organismo e o seu ambiente. Essa perspectiva revolucionária influenciou o campo da ciência cognitiva e estabeleceu as bases para uma compreensão mais profunda da inteligência.

Maturana antecipou conceitos que hoje são amplamente discutidos, como a importância do contexto na cognição, a relevância da autorganização na inteligência e a ideia de que a inteligência não é exclusivamente humana. Sua abordagem holística e sua ênfase na relação entre o organismo e o ambiente ajudaram a moldar os estudos sobre inteligência artificial, inspirando pesquisadores a considerarem a interação e a adaptação dos sistemas inteligentes ao seu contexto.

A compreensão de Maturana sobre cognição e inteligência oferece insights valiosos para o desenvolvimento de sistemas de inteligência artificial mais sofisticados. Seu trabalho desafia as abordagens tradicionais, destacando a importância de considerar o contexto, a dinâmica dos sistemas vivos e a interação entre diferentes agentes.

Assim, o legado intelectual de Humberto Maturana transcende os limites da biologia, impactando profundamente o estudo da cognição e inteligência. Sua visão pioneira e suas contribuições continuam a influenciar e inspirar cientistas, pesquisadores e estudiosos que buscam desvendar os segredos da mente e criar sistemas de inteligência artificial mais eficazes e adaptáveis.

Por fim, é importante mencionar que Humberto Maturana desenvolveu uma abordagem da biologia da cognição que não se limitava apenas aos aspectos teóricos, mas também tinha profundas implicações éticas e filosóficas. Sua visão estava firmemente ancorada em uma ética participativa e coletiva, na qual o compartilhamento de um mundo emocional desempenha um papel fundamental.

Maturana acreditava que o afeto é um elemento central que nos conecta a todos os seres vivos e influencia nossas interações com o mundo ao nosso redor. Essa perspectiva ressalta a importância de considerarmos não apenas a dimensão cognitiva, mas também as dimensões emocionais e relacionais da nossa existência.

Ao destacar a importância do afeto e do compartilhamento de um mundo emocional, Maturana nos convida a refletir sobre como nossas ações e escolhas afetam não apenas a nós mesmos, mas também os outros seres vivos e o meio ambiente. Sua abordagem nos lembra da interconexão profunda que temos com o mundo e a responsabilidade que temos de agir de maneira ética e sustentável.

Portanto, o trabalho de Humberto Maturana transcende os limites da ciência e nos convida a repensar nossa relação com o mundo e com os outros seres vivos. Sua visão holística, ancorada na ética participativa e no compartilhamento de um mundo emocional, nos lembra da importância de cultivarmos uma consciência coletiva e de buscarmos formas mais harmoniosas e responsáveis de interagir com o nosso planeta e com todas as formas de vida que o habitam.

Humberto Maturana será sempre lembrado como um dos pensadores mais brilhantes e visionários da nossa era. Sua dedicação em explorar os mistérios da vida, combinada com sua habilidade de comunicar ideias complexas de forma clara e acessível, inspirou inúmeras mentes ao redor do mundo. Sua influência continua a ecoar nas áreas da biologia, neurociência, filosofia e outras disciplinas relacionadas.

Hoje, prestamos nossa sincera homenagem a Humberto Maturana e seu impacto duradouro no campo científico e intelectual. Sua busca por compreender a vida de maneira holística e suas contribuições para a teoria da autopoiese continuarão a guiar as mentes curiosas e inspirar novas descobertas. Que sua memória e seu legado continuem a iluminar o caminho para futuras gerações de cientistas e estudiosos.

Em Homenagem Ao Renomado Cientista Humberto Maturana, Que Nos Deixou Em 6 De Maio De 2021, Lembremos
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Originally a Twitter Thread, with the help of Thread Reader

Baldolino Calvino🏳️‍🌈🚩🇧🇷✨♻️🌱

Oct 1 • 15 tweets • 4 min read

Fantasy is not science, nor philosophy, and not real (of course). This may seem obvious, but what I am trying to do is creating an exact, non-contradictory definition of fantasy, not as an art genre, but as an object of study. Not by science, but by fantastic natural history.

Fantasy - Wikipedia

"Fantasy is a genre of speculative fiction involving magical elements, typically set in a fictional universe and sometimes inspired by mythology and folklore."

Originally A Twitter Thread, With The Help Of Thread Reader

Fantasy, Magic (not meaning prestidigitation), Mythology, and Folklore can be understood as equivalent, overlaping concepts. Wikipedia's entry is mostly tautological, circular, thus.

However, this is an article about the artistic genre, and one could say that it refers to art expression (written, musical, cinematic, other) that uses these references. This is enough for this use case, but we do not advance in an objective conceptualization of fantasy.

Fantasy (psychology) - Wikipedia

"(...) fantasy is a broad range of mental experiences, mediated by the faculty of imagination in the human brain, and marked by an expression of certain desires through vivid mental imagery."

Originally A Twitter Thread, With The Help Of Thread Reader

This entry about the concept of fantasy in psychology gives a more elaborared view of it. However, what differentiates fantasy from other instances of human creativjty? The article continues: "Fantasies are associated with scenarios that are absolutely impossible."

Wikipedia's entry on Fantasy (psychology) does not give any reference to this concept, and proceeds listing the importance of Fantasy for various theoretical approaches (Freud, Klein, Lacan), or pathologies (narcissistic personality disorder, schizophrenia). It is not unified.

More revealing is Wikipedia's "History of Fantasy" (about the literary genre).

" (...) the supernatural and the fantastic were an element of literature from its beginning. The modern genre is distinguished from tales and folklore (...)"

Originally A Twitter Thread, With The Help Of Thread Reader

It makes a clear distintion between ancient myths and folklore, and so-called "modern fantasy", whose first explicit representant was Scottish author George MacDonald in the late XIX century, with his novels "The Princess and the Goblin" and "Phantastes".

Important precursors were Dickens, Thackeray, Andersen, Ruskin, Morris. And MacDonald's work enormously influenced Tolkien and Lewis. One key word in this historic description of Fantasy is "speculative". And a defining characteristic of modern fantasy is the "fantasy world".

Originally A Twitter Thread, With The Help Of Thread Reader

Distinctive differences of modern fantasy are the postulate of a secondary fantasy world apart from reality; fictitious by design; and narratives from a (group of) author(s) with an interpretative aim. Myths or folklore does not have any of these characteristics.

The entry goes on in a detailed description of the development of Fantasy as a literary genre, since writings about tales and legends from Middle Ages. However, one fun example of how medieval mind understood the fantastic can be seen in the novel "Baudolino" by Umberto Eco.

Most of this Wikipedia's entry is based upon https://twitter.com/john_clute and John Grant's https://sf-encyclopedia.com/fe/, published in 1997, and fully available on the internet.

More to come, be patient.


Tags

Does anyone can see a fractal there?

 NGC 2207, Angel Wing

 NGC 2207, Angel Wing

Who can say that started a totally new field of study (even if it is a fantasy, literally)?

What is Fantastic Natural History?
academia.edu
Fantastic Natural History (Historia Naturalis Phantastica) is a proposal for a field of knowledge that involves the study of nature in a bro
In this multiwavelength image, the central object resembles a semi-transparent, spinning toy top in shades of purple and magenta against a black background. The top-like structure appears to be slightly falling toward the right side of the image. At its center is a bright spot. This is the pulsar that powers the nebula. A stream of material is spewing forth from the pulsar in a downward direction, constituting what would be the part of a top that touches a surface while it is spinning. Wispy purple light accents regions surrounding the object. This image combines data from NASA's Chandra, Hubble, and Spitzer telescopes. Credit: X-ray: NASA/CXC/SAO; Optical: NASA/STScI; Infrared: NASA-JPL-Caltech

Navigating Deep Space by Starlight

On August 6, 1967, astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell noticed a blip in her radio telescope data. And then another. Eventually, Bell Burnell figured out that these blips, or pulses, were not from people or machines.

This photograph shows astrophysicist Jocelyn Bell Burnell smiling into a camera. She is wearing glasses, a pink collared shirt, and a black cardigan. She is holding a yellow pencil above a piece of paper with a red line across it. There is a tan lampshade and several books in the background. The image is watermarked “Copyright: Robin Scagell/Galaxy Picture Library.”

The blips were constant. There was something in space that was pulsing in a regular pattern, and Bell Burnell figured out that it was a pulsar: a rapidly spinning neutron star emitting beams of light. Neutron stars are superdense objects created when a massive star dies. Not only are they dense, but neutron stars can also spin really fast! Every star we observe spins, and due to a property called angular momentum, as a collapsing star gets smaller and denser, it spins faster. It’s like how ice skaters spin faster as they bring their arms closer to their bodies and make the space that they take up smaller.

This animation depicts a distant pulsar blinking amidst a dark sky speckled with colorful stars and other objects. The pulsar is at the center of the image, glowing purple, varying in brightness and intensity in a pulsating pattern. As the camera pulls back, we see more surrounding objects, but the pulsar continues to blink. The image is watermarked “Artist’s concept.” Credit: NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center

The pulses of light coming from these whirling stars are like the beacons spinning at the tops of lighthouses that help sailors safely approach the shore. As the pulsar spins, beams of radio waves (and other types of light) are swept out into the universe with each turn. The light appears and disappears from our view each time the star rotates.

A small neutron star spins at the center of this animation. Two purple beams of light sweep around the star-filled sky, emanating from two spots on the surface of the neutron star, and one beam crosses the viewer’s line of sight with a bright flash. The image is watermarked “Artist’s concept.” Credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.

After decades of studying pulsars, astronomers wondered—could they serve as cosmic beacons to help future space explorers navigate the universe? To see if it could work, scientists needed to do some testing!

First, it was important to gather more data. NASA’s NICER, or Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer, is a telescope that was installed aboard the International Space Station in 2017. Its goal is to find out things about neutron stars like their sizes and densities, using an array of 56 special X-ray concentrators and sensitive detectors to capture and measure pulsars’ light.

This time-lapse of our Neutron star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) shows how it scans the skies to study pulsars and other X-ray sources from its perch aboard the International Space Station. NICER is near the center of the image, a white box mounted on a platform with a shiny panel on one side and dozens of cylindrical mirrors on the opposite side. Around it are other silver and white instruments and scaffolding. NICER swivels and pans to track objects, and some other objects nearby move as well. The station’s giant solar panels twist and turn in the background. Movement in the sequence, which represents a little more than one 90-minute orbit, is sped up by 100 times. Credit: NASA.

But how can we use these X-ray pulses as navigational tools? Enter SEXTANT, or Station Explorer for X-ray Timing and Navigation Technology. If NICER was your phone, SEXTANT would be like an app on it.  

During the first few years of NICER’s observations, SEXTANT created an on-board navigation system using NICER’s pulsar data. It worked by measuring the consistent timing between each pulsar’s pulses to map a set of cosmic beacons.

This photo shows the NICER payload on the International Space Station. Against a black background, tall rectangular solar panels that appear as a golden mesh rise from the bottom of the photo, passing through its middle area. In front of that are a variety of gray and white shapes that make up instruments and the structure of the space station near NICER. Standing above from them, attached to a silver pole, is the rectangular box of the NICER telescope, which is pointing its concentrators up and to the right. Credit: NASA.

When calculating position or location, extremely accurate timekeeping is essential. We usually rely on atomic clocks, which use the predictable fluctuations of atoms to tick away the seconds. These atomic clocks can be located on the ground or in space, like the ones on GPS satellites. However, our GPS system only works on or close to Earth, and onboard atomic clocks can be expensive and heavy. Using pulsar observations instead could give us free and reliable “clocks” for navigation. During its experiment, SEXTANT was able to successfully determine the space station’s orbital position!

A photo of the International Space Station as seen from above. The left and right sides of the image are framed by the station's long, rectangular solar panels, with a complex array of modules and hardware in the middle. The background is taken up fully by the surface of the Earth; lakes, snow-capped mountains, and a large body of water are faintly visible beneath white clouds. Credit: NASA

We can calculate distances using the time taken for a signal to travel between two objects to determine a spacecraft’s approximate location relative to those objects. However, we would need to observe more pulsars to pinpoint a more exact location of a spacecraft. As SEXTANT gathered signals from multiple pulsars, it could more accurately derive its position in space.

This animation shows how triangulating the distances to multiple pulsars could help future space explorers determine their location. In the first sequence, the location of a spaceship is shown in a blue circle in the center of the image against a dark space background. Three pulsars, shown as spinning beams of light, appear around the location. They are circled in green and then connected with dotted lines. Text on screen reads “NICER data are also used in SEXTANT, an on-board demonstration of pulsar-based navigation.” The view switches to the inside of a futuristic spacecraft, looking through the windshield at the pulsars. An illuminated control panel glows in blues and purples. On-screen text reads “This GPS-like technology may revolutionize deep space navigation through the solar system and beyond.” Credit: NASA’s Johnson Space Center

So, imagine you are an astronaut on a lengthy journey to the outer solar system. You could use the technology developed by SEXTANT to help plot your course. Since pulsars are reliable and consistent in their spins, you wouldn’t need Wi-Fi or cell service to figure out where you were in relation to your destination. The pulsar-based navigation data could even help you figure out your ETA!

NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) rocket carrying the Orion spacecraft launched on the Artemis I flight test. With Artemis I, NASA sets the stage for human exploration into deep space, where astronauts will build and begin testing the systems near the Moon needed for lunar surface missions and exploration to other destinations farther from Earth. This image shows a SLS rocket against a dark, evening sky and clouds of smoke coming out from the launch pad. This is all reflected on the water in the foreground of the photo. Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

None of these missions or experiments would be possible without Jocelyn Bell Burnell’s keen eye for an odd spot in her radio data decades ago, which set the stage for the idea to use spinning neutron stars as a celestial GPS. Her contribution to the field of astrophysics laid the groundwork for research benefitting the people of the future, who yearn to sail amongst the stars.  

Keep up with the latest NICER news by following NASA Universe on X and Facebook and check out the mission’s website. For more on space navigation, follow @NASASCaN on X or visit NASA’s Space Communications and Navigation website.  

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space!

Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
Total Solar Eclipse L April 2024 L U.S. & Canada
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Total Solar Eclipse l April 2024 l U.S. & Canada

Cr. Deran Hall l Rami Ammoun(236) l GabeWasylko l REUTERS l KendallRust l Joshua Intini l Alfredo Juárez l KuzcoKhanda

3,000-year-old Clay Pig Found In

3,000-year-old clay pig found in

2020 at the Lianhe Ruins in China. When it was

discovered, the pottery has gone viral as it looks

similar to the pigs in AngryBirds or Peppa. Now

housed at the Sanxingdui Museum

museumofartifacts | Instagram, Facebook | Linktree
Linktree
Linktree. Make your link do more.

Carlos Cipolla, economista italiano, descreve 4 tipos de pessoas (gráfico). Os inteligentes (I) fazem bem a si e à sociedade; bandidos (B) fazem bem a si prejudicando a sociedade; desamparados (D) são prejudicados para o bem de outros; e estúpidos (E) prejudicam a si e a todos.

Carlos Cipolla, Economista Italiano, Descreve 4 Tipos De Pessoas (gráfico). Os Inteligentes (I) Fazem

Seu livro, considerado satírico, é "As leis básicas da estupidez humana". Nele, Cipolla considera que os estúpidos são numerosos (mais do que se espera), imprevisíveis, e muito perigosos por isso mesmo. O Bolsonarismo mais uma vez nos faz imaginar se a sátira não é real. (Originalmente postado no Twitter)

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Baldolino Calvino. Ecological economist. Professor of Historia Naturalis Phantastica, Tír na nÓg University, Uí Breasail. I am a third order simulacrum and a heteronym.

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